Photosynthesis is where plants use the energy of the sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates. This process takes place in the chloroplasts, and takes several steps. The first step is when the plants obtain carbon dioxide from the air or water in which they grow. The plants also need light from the sun and chlorophyll.

When the sunlight gets to the plant, the plant then takes in red and blue spectrum colors. Because it takes in those two colors, it reflects green light. The plant absorbs the sunlight, and then much of the energy is transferred into electrons. The electrons increase their energy level because of this. The thylakoid membrane contains a system that provides new electrons to chlorophyll to replace ones it had lost. The new electrons come from water molecules.